SECTION 1 Questions 1–14
Read the text below and answer Questions 1–7.
The Wonders of Chocolate
Here are some frequently asked questions about the history and benefits of chocolate:
What is the origin of chocolate?
Chocolate originated in Mesoamerica, with the earliest use dating back to the Olmec civilization around 1500 BC. The Mayans and Aztecs later developed chocolate drinks, which were often used in ceremonies and believed to have mystical properties.
When did chocolate arrive in Europe?
Chocolate was introduced to Europe in the 16th century by Spanish explorers. Initially, it was consumed as a beverage, often mixed with sugar and spices to suit European tastes. It quickly became popular among the elite and spread across the continent.
How is chocolate traditionally made?
Traditional chocolate-making begins with harvesting cacao pods. The beans are then fermented, dried, roasted, and ground into a paste called cocoa mass. This mass is combined with sugar and milk (for milk chocolate) and conched to develop flavour. The mixture is then tempered to give it a smooth texture and glossy finish.
What are the health benefits of chocolate?
Chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, is rich in antioxidants, which can reduce inflammation and improve heart health. It also contains flavonoids that can enhance brain function and lower blood pressure. However, chocolate should be consumed in moderation due to its high sugar and fat content.
Questions 1–7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
In boxes 1–7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1.
The Olmec civilization was the first to use chocolate.
2.
The Mayans and Aztecs used chocolate drinks for everyday consumption.
3.
Chocolate was first introduced to Europe in the 17th century.
4.
Early European chocolate drinks were typically mixed with sugar and spices.
5.
The process of making chocolate includes fermenting and roasting cacao beans.
6.
Dark chocolate is beneficial for brain function.
7.
All types of chocolate have the same health benefits.
Exquisite Watches
Online customer reviews
A. Sarah
I recently bought a classic gold wristwatch, and I am very pleased with my purchase. The watch has a timeless design and looks elegant on my wrist. The delivery was prompt, and the watch came in a beautiful box. I’ve received many compliments on it already. Highly recommended!
B. Alex
I purchased a sports watch for my outdoor activities. It is durable, water-resistant, and has multiple functions like a stopwatch and compass. However, I found the strap to be a bit uncomfortable during long use. The customer service was excellent, and they offered me a different strap for free.
C. Jamie
The designer watch I ordered was disappointing. The leather strap felt cheap, and the watch stopped working within a week. I contacted customer service, and they promptly issued a refund. I decided not to order a replacement and will look for a different brand instead.
D. Emma
This smartwatch has exceeded my expectations. It tracks my fitness activities accurately and syncs perfectly with my phone. The battery life is impressive, lasting several days on a single charge. The only minor issue is that the screen is a bit small for my liking, but overall, it’s a great buy.
E. Oliver
I bought a luxury watch for a special occasion, and it has not disappointed. The craftsmanship is outstanding, and it has a very sophisticated look. The watch arrived on time and was beautifully packaged. I would definitely recommend this brand to anyone looking for high-quality timepieces.
Questions 8–14
Look at the five online customer reviews of watches, A–E.
For which review are the following statements true?
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 8–14 on your answer sheet.
NB, You may use any letter more than once.
8.
The watch was not durable and stopped working quickly.
9.
The customer appreciated the excellent customer service.
10.
The customer liked the classic design and prompt delivery.
11.
The watch has multiple functions and is suitable for outdoor activities.
12.
The customer received a free replacement strap.
13.
The watch was beautifully packaged and arrived on time.
14.
The watch tracks fitness activities and has a long battery life.
SECTION 2 Questions 15–27
Read the text below and answer Questions 15–21.
The Benefits of Urban Gardening
Urban gardening offers numerous advantages for individuals and communities. Here are some key benefits:
Mental Health Improvement
Engaging in urban gardening can significantly boost mental health. It provides a sense of purpose and achievement, which can enhance self-esteem. Gardening activities reduce stress and alleviate symptoms of depression by fostering social connections and creating a supportive environment.
Physical Health Advantages
Urban gardening promotes physical health. Activities like planting, weeding, and harvesting provide moderate exercise, encouraging a more active lifestyle. These activities can lower the risk of chronic diseases. Additionally, exposure to sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D, essential for bone health.
Skill Development
Urban gardening helps develop new skills and enhances existing ones. Learning about plant care, soil management, and garden design provides valuable knowledge. These skills can be beneficial in other areas of life and can improve problem-solving abilities.
Environmental Impact
Urban gardens play a crucial role in environmental conservation. They enhance biodiversity by providing habitats for various species of insects and birds. Gardening also reduces carbon footprints by promoting local food production and decreasing the need for transportation.
Community Engagement
Community gardens foster a sense of community. They provide spaces for individuals to collaborate, share knowledge, and support each other. These gardens enhance the aesthetic appeal of urban areas, making them more pleasant places to live and work.
Questions 15–21
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 15–21 on your answer sheet.
15.
Urban gardening provides a sense of purpose and improves .
16.
Gardening activities help produce vitamin D, which is essential for health.
17.
Gardeners gain valuable knowledge and that can be useful in other areas of life.
18.
Urban gardens promote by providing habitats for various species.
19.
Urban gardening minimizes carbon emissions by encouraging the cultivation of locally grown .
20.
Community gardens cultivate a feeling of among participants.
21.
These gardens improve the visual attractiveness of spaces.
Effective Communication Skills
Effective communication is essential in both personal and professional settings. Here are some tips to improve your communication skills:
Active Listening
Active listening involves paying full attention to the speaker, understanding their message, and responding thoughtfully. This helps build trust and ensures that communication is clear and effective. Avoid interrupting and provide feedback to show that you are engaged.
Clarity and Conciseness
Clear and concise communication is key to avoiding misunderstandings. Use simple and direct language to convey your message. Avoid jargon and overcomplicated terms. Being concise helps keep the listener's attention and ensures your message is easily understood.
Body Language
Non-verbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions, and eye contact, play a significant role in communication. Ensure your body language matches your words. Open and relaxed body language can make you appear more approachable and trustworthy.
Empathy
Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others. Showing empathy in your communication helps build strong relationships and encourages open and honest dialogue. Acknowledge others' perspectives and respond with compassion.
Feedback
Providing and receiving feedback is crucial for effective communication. Constructive feedback helps individuals improve and grow. When giving feedback, be specific, focus on behaviour rather than personality, and offer suggestions for improvement. When receiving feedback, listen actively and consider the points being made.
Questions 22–27
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 22–27 on your answer sheet.
Tips for Effective Communication
Tips for Effective Communication
- Pay full attention and respond thoughtfully to build 22 .
Clarity and Conciseness:
- Use simple and direct language to avoid 23 .
Body Language:
- Ensure your body language matches your words and makes you appear more 24 and reliable.
Empathy
- Respect others' viewpoints and react with 25 .
Feedback
- Provide specific and constructive 26 to help others improve.
- Listen actively and consider feedback to 27 and grow.
SECTION 3 Questions 28–40
Read the text.
The Development of Renewable Energy
A
Renewable energy has become an essential part of the global effort to combat climate change. Early forms of renewable energy included waterwheels and windmills, which were used for milling grain and pumping water. These technologies have evolved significantly over the centuries.
B
In the 20th century, renewable energy technologies saw substantial advancements. Hydropower plants were built on a large scale, providing significant amounts of electricity. The development of solar panels and wind turbines opened new avenues for clean energy production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
C
The invention of photovoltaic cells in the 1950s marked a significant breakthrough for solar energy. These cells convert sunlight directly into electricity. Over the decades, the efficiency and affordability of solar panels have improved, making solar power a viable option for homes and businesses.
D
Wind energy also made great strides. Modern wind turbines are capable of generating large amounts of electricity. Innovations in turbine design and materials have increased their efficiency and reduced costs. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, now contribute a substantial share of the world's renewable energy supply.
E
The 21st century has seen a focus on integrating renewable energy into the grid and developing energy storage solutions. Technologies like battery storage and smart grids are essential for managing the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. These advancements ensure a stable and reliable energy supply.
Questions 28–32
The text has five sections, A–E.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, **i-viii**, in boxes 28–32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. The challenges of renewable energy
ii. The rise of hydropower
iii. Innovations in wind energy
iv. Incorporating renewable energy into the power grid
v. The benefits of renewable energy
vi. Advancements in solar technology
vii. The future of renewable energy
viii. The origins of renewable energy
28.
Section A
29.
Section B
30.
Section C
31.
Section D
32.
Section E
Questions 33–37
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 33–37 on your answer sheet.
The evolution of renewable energy
Initial types of renewable energy, such as waterwheels and 33 , have been used for centuries. In the 20th century, the construction of hydropower plants and the development of solar panels and wind turbines marked significant advancements. The invention of 34 cells in the 1950s was a breakthrough for solar energy, improving efficiency and affordability. Modern wind turbines generate substantial electricity due to innovations in 35 . In the 21st century, integrating renewables into the grid and creating energy 36 systems are crucial for ensuring a stable energy supply. Tools such as battery storage and smart grids are crucial for addressing the 37 nature of renewable energy sources.
Questions 38–40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 38–40 on your answer sheet.
38. What does the writer say about early renewable energy technologies?
39. The writer mentions that photovoltaic cells were important because they
40. What would be the best subtitle for this text?